Difference between revisions of "3DS Homebrew Development"

Revision as of 13:21, 1 September 2015

This page contains general information for 3DS Homebrew developers.

If you have any questions, you can come to GBAtemp's main homebrew development and help thread. It contains shared sources, examples and libraries.

You can find all known resources (hardware registers, syscalls, utilities) to develop your homebrew on 3dbrew.

To develop 3DS homebrew you need a development environment consisting of tools, scripts and libraries which will be detailed below. The sources are compiled to binary using GNU GCC-ARM or devkitPro with devkitARM. The available tools and SDK work on Windows 32/64bit and Linux.

The languages used to write homebrew are C and C++ (and occasionally ASM). There are various online tutorials and books available to learn these languages.
Alternatively, you can also write homebrew in Lua by using Lua Player Plus.

Install devkitPro

DevkitPro is an essential set of toolchains for homebrew development.

Windows

Use the automated-installer. Install in C:\devkitPro\ and it will install all the latest versions of the required programs (you can disable devkitPSP, but be sure to enable CTRULib in DevkitARM menu). It will create the environment variables automatically.

Linux / OSX

1) Download the devkitPro perl script

2) Download the latest ctrulib from GitHub. Place the ctrulib folder in the same location as the perl script

3) Open a terminal and execute these commands:

cd /path/to/the/script
chmod +x devkitARMupdate.pl
sudo ./devkitARMupdate.pl /opt/devkitPro
echo "export DEVKITPRO=/opt/devkitPro" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export DEVKITARM=\$DEVKITPRO/devkitARM" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:\$DEVKITARM/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
cd ctrulib/libctru
make
sudo -E make install

If the last line gives an error about not being allow to preserve the environment, run these commands:

sudo -s
export DEVKITPRO=/opt/devkitPro
export DEVKITARM=$DEVKITPRO/devkitARM
make install
exit

Install libraries

You may want to install various libraries/tools if your project requires them.

Compiling sources

If you simply want to compile a homebrew project without (or after) editing it, you can use the make utility from the command prompt/terminal.

1) Windows: Open a Command Prompt (Run -> cmd); Linux/Mac OSX: Open a Terminal from your applications

2) Navigate to the project directory (change to the correct path)

cd c:\path\to\your\project

3) Run make

make

If you ever want to remove the compiled files, you can use this command:

make clean

This is often needed when re-compiling a project.

Common errors

cannot find 3dsx_crt0.o: No such file or directory

In your makefile, find -mfloat-abi=softfp and change it to -mfloat-abi=hard. You shouldn't ever use softfp for 3DS homebrew.

(name) uses VFP register arguments but (name2) does not

Part of your project or the libraries you use were compiled with -mfloat-abi=softfp while other parts were compiled with -mfloat-abi=hard. Make sure to use -mfloat-abi=hard everywhere. You may have to manually recompile the libraries you use, if needed.

SMDH

Every homebrew application has an smdh file, containing additional information:

Icon
Name of the application (Short description)
Description of the application (Long description)
Name of the author (Publisher)

This information is used in The Homebrew Launcher (3DSX), and in the home menu (3DS/CIA).

The icon is a simple 48x48px png file. You can place this png in your project folder (the same folder as your Makefile is in) and name it icon.png. If no icon.png is present, a default icon from the ctrulib folder will be used.

The other data can be set in the Makefile directly:

APP_TITLE        := My Application 
APP_DESCRIPTION  := A description of my app
APP_AUTHOR       := Me

The SMDH file is automatically created when building the project (unless you explicitly set NO_SMDH in the Makefile).

You can also manually build the SMDH using bannertool by steveice10:

bannertool makesmdh -s "My application" -l "A description of my app" -p "Me" -i icon.png -o myapplication.smdh

Editor setup

This section explains how to set up various editors to edit and compile (existing) homebrew projects. If you want to start a new homebrew project, you should preferably copy an example project and edit the sources.

Note that this section lists only the more advanced editors which have features such as code auto-completion. You can use any text editor to edit the source files and compile as detailed above. You should however use a proper code editor (aka not notepad). Some examples are Notepad++, Sublime Text, vim, and Emacs.

Programmers Notepad

The Programmers Notepad is (optionally) installed by the devkitPro installer.

1) File -> New -> Project
Give it a name and save anywhere.

2) Right click the project -> Add Files
Now navigate to the example you want and add the files from that folder (eg. Makefile, readme.md, ...)

3) Right click the project -> Add Magic Folder
Navigate to the example directory again and add the source folder within. Repeat this for any other folders in the example (if any).

4) You can build the project using Tools -> Make
Make sure the project you want to build is the active project (Right click project -> active project)

Visual Studio 2015 (community)

When installing Visual Studio, make sure to install the Visual C++ packages!

1) File -> New -> Project From Existing Code...

2) In the dropdown, choose Visual C++ and click Next

3) Under Project file location, navigate to the folder with all sources. Enter a name for the project and click next.

4) Use external build system, Next

5) Build command line:

make

Clean command line:

make clean

Leave the rest blank. Click Finish.

6) Right click project (in the solution explorer) -> properties

7) Under VC++ directories -> General -> Include directories, add the devkitARM and ctrulib include directories (change if needed):

C:\devkitPro\devkitARM\include
C:\devkitPro\libctru\include

Make sure not to remove anything already in the box! You can add any other include folder that the project may need as well. In the end it'll read something like:

C:\devkitPro\devkitARM\include;C:\devkitPro\libctru\include;$(IncludePath)

Click OK

8) (Optional) Right click project -> Add -> Existing Item
Choose the Makefile and any other files you want to add, then click Add. This step isn't required, but allows you to edit the Makefile etc. from the editor.

Alternatively, you can use "Show All Files" under the "Project" menu (on the top) to display all files and folders as they are on the file system.

9) You can now build the project (Right click -> Build)

Eclipse CDT

Tested with the standalone Eclipse Mars CDT on Linux. Instructions may be slightly different for other cases.

1) File -> New -> Makefile Project with Existing Code

2) Under Existing Code Location, navigate to the folder containing the code.
You can leave both C and C++ checked, even if the project only contains one.
Under Toolchain for Indexer Settings, choose a valid Toolchain (eg. Linux GCC)

3) Right click the Project in the project explorer and choose properties.

4) Go to C/C++ Build -> Environment.
Here you need to add the DEVKITPRO and DEVKITARM variables, with their correct paths, eg.

Name	Value
`DEVKITPRO`	`/opt/devkitpro`
`DEVKITARM`	`/opt/devkitpro/devkitARM`

Make sure to change the values to the paths on your system.

5) This step isn't needed to build, but it will make Eclipse recognize the external libraries when editing code. Go to C/C++ General -> Paths & Symbols -> Includes
Under "GNU C" (or "GNU C++", or both, depending on what files your project has), add the following include directories:

/opt/devkitpro/devkitARM/include
/opt/devkitpro/libctru/include

Again, change the paths if needed. When finished, click OK.

6) You can now build the project. Right click project -> Build project

3dsx homebrew

Homebrew in this format is the most common, and can be played with ninjhax/ironhax/tubehax. No additional steps have to be taken to create this kind of homebrew; it is the default format produced when using make.

You can find ctrulib homebrew examples here: https://github.com/smealum/ctrulib/tree/master/examples

Launcher.dat and 3ds homebrew

If you don't need Kernel access, prefer developing homebrew in 3dsx format. Also remember that the .dat format works only on 4.1.x-4.5.x consoles.

Convert .elf to .3ds

To create a .3ds file (or .cia), you need some additional files in your project (TODO: Make guide on how to create these):

An RSF file - Contains various info such as permissions etc.
An icon.bin - The icon and information for the home menu. This is equivalent to the compiled SMDH file, so you can just use that one.
A banner.bin - The banner for the top screen

You should preferably put them in your project folder (or a subfolder).

After building the project (see above), you should have an .elf file. You can convert this into a .3ds file:

Download makerom (and compile it with make if needed)
Add the folder where you placed the makerom executable to your PATH environment variable
Open a command prompt/terminal and navigate to your project

cd c:/path/to/your/project

Run the following commands:

arm-none-eabi-strip [ELF file]
makerom -f cci -o [Destination .3ds file] -rsf [RSF file] -target d -exefslogo -elf [ELF file] -icon [icon file] -banner [banner file]

For example:

arm-none-eabi-strip myproject.elf
makerom -f cci -o myproject.3ds -rsf gw_workaround.rsf -target d -exefslogo -elf myproject.elf -icon myproject.smdh -banner banner.bin

Please note that the first command will alter the ELF file, so you may want to back it up first.

Packing CIA files

CIA files are generic data containers that can be installed on a 3DS. In order to do this you need to have a 3DS below 9.2.

The process of building a CIA is similar to building a .3DS file:

arm-none-eabi-strip myproject.elf
makerom -f cia -o myproject.cia -rsf cia.rsf -target t -exefslogo -elf myproject.elf -icon myproject.smdh -banner banner.bin

Note that the used RSF file is not the same one as the one used for building .3DS files.

This page may need to be updated with the newest available information.
Please edit the page with new information and remove this Template when finished!

Releasing

When you are ready to release your homebrew application, create a new thread in the Homebrew Development section. In this thread, you can describe your project.

Make sure to attach (or link to an uploaded version of) the relevant files for your homebrew. This will usually be the 3DSX and SMDH files that have been compiled. You can also include the ELF file, which will allow people to repack it with makerom to a 3DS (and CIA) file. The ELF file can also be used on 3DS Emulators (currently two available: Citra and 3DMoo).

If your project is open source, you can upload the code to GitHub. Alternatively, you can simply provide the source as a separate download, or include it with the compiled files.

3DS Homebrew
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